{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-72435", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2026-08-09T03:40:39.929Z", "datePublished": "2026-08-15T05:56:49.402Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T05:44:10.925Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T05:44:10.925Z"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: ipset: fix order of kfree_rcu() and rcu_assign_pointer()\n\nSashiko pointed out that kfree_rcu() was called before\nrcu_assign_pointer() in handling the comment extension.\nFix the order so that rcu_assign_pointer() called first."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The bug is reached only through nfnetlink IPSET commands (ADD/DEL/LIST/SAVE) on NETLINK_GENERIC; nfnetlink_rcv() requires CAP_NET_ADMIN and no remote packet path feeds comment free/replace, so kernel CNA guidance treats netfilter/ipset netlink as Local.\nAC:L - LIST/SAVE dump runs asynchronously without holding the nfnl mutex while mtype_list holds rcu_read_lock and calls ip_set_put_comment; an attacker with CAP_NET_ADMIN can concurrently issue ADD/--exist comment replacement, DEL/flush, or timeout GC to hit the kfree_rcu-before-NULL ordering reliably.\nPR:L - nfnetlink_rcv() gates every ipset command on netlink_net_capable(skb, CAP_NET_ADMIN), which resolves to ns_capable(sock_net()->user_ns, CAP_NET_ADMIN); unprivileged users obtain this inside a user/network namespace via unshare -Urn and fully control per-netns ipset configuration.\nUI:N - Exploitation is fully attacker-driven through netlink: create a comment-enabled set, start LIST/SAVE dump, and concurrently add/delete/flush elements or let timeout GC run; no victim click, mount, or other deliberate action is required beyond ordinary local control.\nS:U - The RCU use-after-free corrupts kernel heap memory and can yield host privilege escalation or crash, but impact stays within the same kernel security authority and does not cross VM/host, container/host, or IOMMU boundaries.\nC:H - Calling kfree_rcu() before rcu_assign_pointer(NULL) lets dump readers under rcu_read_lock still rcu_dereference(comment->c) and nla_put_string() reads freed ip_set_comment_rcu kmalloc memory\u2014a classic UAF read usable for arbitrary kernel disclosure with heap grooming.\nI:H - Concurrent free and replacement of RCU-managed comment objects lets an attacker reclaim and control freed slab memory, providing standard paths to arbitrary kernel writes, metadata corruption, and control-flow hijack rather than a bounded or crash-only integrity effect.\nA:H - Stale comment pointer dereference during dump or subsequent slab reuse can immediately kernel-oops or panic the host, and the underlying UAF heap corruption can crash or hang the system even when full exploitation is not attempted."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["net/netfilter/ipset/ip_set_core.c"], "versions": [{"version": "b57b2d1fa53fe8563bdfc66a33b844463b9af285", "lessThan": "c9787d7c24ffd83019f379455e1b97fb4f0f75eb", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "b57b2d1fa53fe8563bdfc66a33b844463b9af285", "lessThan": "6e98407cb94e035bba98956adc9096a76d8b2a9f", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "b57b2d1fa53fe8563bdfc66a33b844463b9af285", "lessThan": "50b70f56f3baaff46599f59b2d93fa2540120776", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "b57b2d1fa53fe8563bdfc66a33b844463b9af285", "lessThan": 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{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"defaultStatus": "unaffected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["net/netfilter/ipset/ip_set_core.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"lessThan": "c9787d7c24ffd83019f379455e1b97fb4f0f75eb", "status": "affected", "version": "b57b2d1fa53fe8563bdfc66a33b844463b9af285", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "6e98407cb94e035bba98956adc9096a76d8b2a9f", "status": "affected", "version": "b57b2d1fa53fe8563bdfc66a33b844463b9af285", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "50b70f56f3baaff46599f59b2d93fa2540120776", "status": "affected", "version": "b57b2d1fa53fe8563bdfc66a33b844463b9af285", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "d01b4b471f0fc5c396af62845e972ccf99cee29a", "status": "affected", "version": "b57b2d1fa53fe8563bdfc66a33b844463b9af285", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "fcb565966534909377a16be5f7b065db2e25c8b5", "status": "affected", "version": "b57b2d1fa53fe8563bdfc66a33b844463b9af285", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "8087bb360a936a6314d22b567e4b861656943eb6", "status": "affected", "version": "b57b2d1fa53fe8563bdfc66a33b844463b9af285", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "93a775fd67f3ef34949a9523bfa69403ee74efdd", "status": "affected", "version": "b57b2d1fa53fe8563bdfc66a33b844463b9af285", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "3ca9982a8882470aa0ac4e8bb9a552b181d1efcd", "status": "affected", "version": "b57b2d1fa53fe8563bdfc66a33b844463b9af285", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "affected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["net/netfilter/ipset/ip_set_core.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "4.2"}, {"lessThan": "4.2", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "5.10.261", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "5.15.212", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.1.178", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.145", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.97", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.18.40", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "7.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "7.1.5", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "7.2", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: ipset: fix order of kfree_rcu() and rcu_assign_pointer()\n\nSashiko pointed out that kfree_rcu() was called before\nrcu_assign_pointer() in handling the comment extension.\nFix the order so that rcu_assign_pointer() called first."}], "id": "CVE-2026-72435", "lastModified": "2026-08-17T06:19:10.820", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}]}, "published": "2026-08-15T06:22:17.343", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3ca9982a8882470aa0ac4e8bb9a552b181d1efcd"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/50b70f56f3baaff46599f59b2d93fa2540120776"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6e98407cb94e035bba98956adc9096a76d8b2a9f"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8087bb360a936a6314d22b567e4b861656943eb6"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/93a775fd67f3ef34949a9523bfa69403ee74efdd"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c9787d7c24ffd83019f379455e1b97fb4f0f75eb"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d01b4b471f0fc5c396af62845e972ccf99cee29a"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fcb565966534909377a16be5f7b065db2e25c8b5"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Received"}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: netfilter: ipset: fix order of kfree_rcu() and rcu_assign_pointer()", "id": "2516423", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2516423"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "5.5", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-825", "details": ["In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\nnetfilter: ipset: fix order of kfree_rcu() and rcu_assign_pointer()\nSashiko pointed out that kfree_rcu() was called before\nrcu_assign_pointer() in handling the comment extension.\nFix the order so that rcu_assign_pointer() called first.", "A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's netfilter ipset component. An incorrect order of memory management operations, specifically calling `kfree_rcu()` before `rcu_assign_pointer()` when handling the comment extension, could lead to a memory corruption vulnerability. This could potentially allow an attacker to cause system instability or escalate privileges."], "name": "CVE-2026-72435", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Out of support scope", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2026-08-15T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-72435\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-72435\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026081528-CVE-2026-72435-f35b@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

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