| CVE |
Vendors |
Products |
Updated |
CVSS v3.1 |
| Starlette is a lightweight ASGI framework/toolkit. Prior to version 1.0.1, the HTTP `Host` request header was not validated before being used to reconstruct `request.url`. Because the routing algorithm relies on the raw HTTP path while `request.url` is rebuilt from the `Host` header, a malformed header could make `request.url.path` differ from the path that was actually requested. Middleware and endpoints that apply security restrictions based on `request.url` (rather than the raw `scope` path) could therefore be bypassed. Users should upgrade to a version greater than or equal to version 1.0.1, which validates the `Host` header against the grammar of RFC 9112 §3.2 / RFC 3986 §3.2.2 when constructing `request.url` and falls back to `scope["server"]` for malformed values. |
| Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling') vulnerability in Apache APISIX.
An attacker could make other clients receive attacker-chosen or other users' responses on serverless-plugin routes.
This issue affects Apache APISIX: from 2.12.0 through 3.17.0.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 3.18.0, which fixes the issue. |
| In Eclipse Jetty, the HTTP/1.1 parser is vulnerable to request smuggling when chunk extensions are used, similar to the "funky chunks" techniques outlined here:
* https://w4ke.info/2025/06/18/funky-chunks.html
* https://w4ke.info/2025/10/29/funky-chunks-2.html
Jetty terminates chunk extension parsing at \r\n inside quoted strings instead of treating this as an error.
POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
1;ext="val
X
0
GET /smuggled HTTP/1.1
...
Note how the chunk extension does not close the double quotes, and it is able to inject a smuggled request. |
| Reverse::Proxy versions before 0.04 for Perl allow HTTP request smuggling via a percent-decoded PATH_INFO written unencoded to the upstream request line.
PSGI hands PATH_INFO to an application percent-decoded, so a %XX sequence in the client URL has become a raw byte by the time the proxy sees it. The proxy appends that byte string to the upstream base URL, and for an Upgrade tunnel writes it into a request line it serializes itself, re-encoding nothing in either path. The HTTP client that sends the resulting URL does not validate the target either. A path containing %0d%0a therefore arrives at the upstream as a CRLF that ends the request line, and a decoded space, '?' or '#' truncates it the same way.
Everything the client writes after the CRLF is read by the upstream as a second request. On the buffered path it arrives on a keep-alive connection the proxy pools and reuses for other clients. Its method, path and headers are all chosen by the client, and the upstream attributes it to the proxy, so it reaches upstream paths that the proxy's own routing does not expose. |
| Apache Tomcat 10.0.0-M1 to 10.0.6, 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.46 and 8.5.0 to 8.5.66 did not correctly parse the HTTP transfer-encoding request header in some circumstances leading to the possibility to request smuggling when used with a reverse proxy. Specifically: - Tomcat incorrectly ignored the transfer encoding header if the client declared it would only accept an HTTP/1.0 response; - Tomcat honoured the identify encoding; and - Tomcat did not ensure that, if present, the chunked encoding was the final encoding. |
| The refactoring present in Apache Tomcat 9.0.28 to 9.0.30, 8.5.48 to 8.5.50 and 7.0.98 to 7.0.99 introduced a regression. The result of the regression was that invalid Transfer-Encoding headers were incorrectly processed leading to a possibility of HTTP Request Smuggling if Tomcat was located behind a reverse proxy that incorrectly handled the invalid Transfer-Encoding header in a particular manner. Such a reverse proxy is considered unlikely. |
| Libevent is an event notification library. Prior to 2.1.13 and 2.2.2-alpha, libevent processes chunked HTTP trailers in http.c through evhttp_read_trailer and merges them into request headers. The fix introduces evhttp_parse_headers_impl_ and a temporary trailer header list. An unauthenticated remote attacker can place security-sensitive fields in trailers so that an upstream proxy and the libevent application interpret different effective headers, enabling header smuggling, authorization bypass, proxy-header spoofing, or cache poisoning. The fix parses trailers into a temporary header list and discards them instead of merging them into req->input_headers. This issue is fixed in versions 2.1.13 and 2.2.2-alpha. |
| fast-uri is a URI parser for Node.js. It canonicalizes a host to its ASCII form only when the input carries an explicit scheme, so a scheme-relative reference such as a host preceded by two slashes is returned with its host verbatim and no error set. As a result fast-uri's own entry points disagree with each other: parse, resolve, normalize, and equal can yield different hosts for the same input depending only on whether a scheme is written out, and equal can return opposite verdicts for the same pair of hosts. An application that extracts a host with fast-uri to check it against a policy list and then resolves the same reference can make its decision on one host while the destination is another, enabling host confusion and policy bypass. The affected versions are 2.4.2 up to but not including 2.4.5, 3.1.3 up to but not including 3.1.6, and 4.0.1 up to but not including 4.1.3. The issue is fixed in 2.4.5, 3.1.6, and 4.1.3, which canonicalize the host consistently across the resolve path. Users should upgrade to a patched version. |
| A flaw was found in libsoup. The chunked transfer encoding parser uses a permissive parsing function for chunk sizes that silently accepts inputs violating RFC 9112, including leading whitespace, plus sign prefixes, and trailing invalid characters. When libsoup operates behind a strict frontend proxy, this parsing differential can be exploited to smuggle HTTP requests. |
| Outsystems Platform Server 11.18.1.37828 allows attackers to cause a denial of service via a crafted content-length value mismatching the body length. NOTE: the Supplier indicates that they are unable to reproduce this. |
| Mongoose is an embedded web server and network library. Prior to 7.22, a remote unauthenticated attacker can exploit an HTTP/1.0 reverse-proxy deployment by sending a request with Transfer-Encoding: chunked and conflicting framing. The http_cb() function in src/http.c tests hm.proto.len with an impossible greater-than-eight condition even though mg_http_parse() requires an eight-byte protocol string, so is_http_1_0 is never set. Mongoose consequently processes chunked encoding that an HTTP/1.0 proxy can ignore, enabling request smuggling and unauthorized access or state changes. This issue is fixed in version 7.22. |
| Etherpad is a real-time collaborative editor. From 2.1.0 until 3.1.0, Etherpad uses the attacker-controlled x-proxy-path request header in src/node/hooks/express/admin.ts when substituting paths into HTML, JavaScript, and CSS under /admin without sanitization, Vary: x-proxy-path, or Cache-Control: private, no-store. A shared proxy or CDN can cache the resulting response and serve attacker-injected script to an administrator. In src/node/hooks/express/specialpages.ts, version 3.0.0 also accepts a protocol-relative x-proxy-path value when constructing the /p/:pad/timeslider redirect, allowing redirection to an attacker-controlled host. The issues are exploitable when the deployment permits client-supplied x-proxy-path headers to reach Etherpad. This issue is fixed in version 3.1.0. |
| Libevent is an event notification library. Prior to 2.1.13 and 2.2.2-alpha, the libevent evhttp parser in http.c inconsistently handles duplicate Transfer-Encoding headers, comma-separated Transfer-Encoding values, and bare line feeds in chunked framing. evhttp_find_header can select only the first header, evhttp_check_transfer_encoding_ was absent so the previous whole-string comparison fails to recognize valid lists ending in chunked, and evhttp_handle_chunked_read uses EVBUFFER_EOL_CRLF rather than EVBUFFER_EOL_CRLF_STRICT, accepting bare LF chunk terminators. When libevent is deployed behind a proxy that frames the same request differently, an unauthenticated remote attacker can desynchronize request boundaries and smuggle a second request, potentially bypassing access controls or poisoning caches. This issue is fixed in versions 2.1.13 and 2.2.2-alpha. |
| Libevent is an event notification library. Prior to 2.1.13 and 2.2.2-alpha, libevent has two HTTP parsing weaknesses in http.c. evhttp_decode_uri_internal decodes percent-encoded %00 bytes into literal NUL characters, which can cause downstream C string operations to truncate a path and bypass validation performed on a different representation. evhttp_header_is_valid_value also accepts obsolete line folding in header values containing carriage return or line feed characters, allowing a proxy and libevent to interpret headers differently and enabling header injection or access control bypass. The CRLF header acceptance is fixed in versions 2.1.13 and 2.2.2-alpha, but the reviewed patches do not clearly remediate the URI NUL-truncation condition. |
| Mongoose is an embedded web server and network library. Priro to version 7.22, a remote unauthenticated attacker can send an HTTP request containing both Content-Length and Transfer-Encoding: chunked. The cl_count and te_count checks in the mg_http_parse() and http_cb() paths in src/http.c accept both headers and prioritize chunked encoding, while a Content-Length-preferring reverse proxy can use a different request boundary. This CL.TE desynchronization can inject requests that access or modify resources in another user context. This issue is fixed in version 7.22. |
| Inconsistent interpretation of http requests ('http request/response smuggling') in .NET allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature over a network. |
| tiny-http through 0.12.0 contains an HTTP request smuggling vulnerability that allows remote attackers to desynchronize request framing by sending a Transfer-Encoding header with any value, including non-chunked codings, which causes the library to unconditionally apply chunk-decoding and discard Content-Length. Attackers can exploit the discrepancy between tiny_http's improper Transfer-Encoding parsing and a correctly-implemented front-end proxy to produce two distinct interpretations of a single byte stream, enabling request smuggling, and can additionally send non-chunked bodies with non-chunked Transfer-Encoding values to cause failed body reads that tie up connections and consume worker threads without signaling errors to clients. |
| actix-http versions before 3.12.1 contain an HTTP request smuggling vulnerability in the HTTP/1.1 parser that accepts requests with both Content-Length and Transfer-Encoding: chunked headers. Unauthenticated remote attackers can exploit this through a front-end intermediary to desynchronize backend requests and smuggle malicious HTTP requests to the Actix service. |
| ServiceTalk HTTP/1.x incorrectly handles malformed Transfer-Encoding which could result in request smuggling attacks. This vulnerability is addressed in servicetalk version 0.42.65. |
| blaze is a Scala library for building asynchronous pipelines, with a focus on network IO. Prior to 0.23.18 and 1.0.0-M42, blaze-server can merge HTTP/1.1 chunked-body trailer fields into Request.headers. Because trailer fields are attacker-controlled, an unauthenticated remote client can inject arbitrary header names and values, including X-Forwarded-For and internal authorization headers, that a fronting proxy sanitized from the request-header section, bypassing header-based trust decisions in the application. Any http4s application using BlazeServerBuilder over HTTP/1.1 whose routes or middleware trust proxy-set headers, including X-Forwarded-For, X-Real-IP, and X-Forwarded-Host, is affected. If a fronting proxy strips or normalizes those headers but forwards chunked bodies with trailers intact, an attacker can spoof client IP for allow-lists, rate limits, or auditing, forge the https scheme, or inject internal authorization headers. A promoted Connection: close trailer is also honored, allowing attacker-controlled termination of pooled backend connections. This issue is fixed in versions 0.23.18 and 1.0.0-M42. |
